Cov khib nyiab yas yog qhov teeb meem uasnws ua rau dej nyabhauv qee qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Raws li cov polymers yas tsis yooj yim lwj, cov pa phem tuaj yeem txhaws tag nrho cov dej ntws. Yog nws mus txog rau hiav txwv nws xaus rau hauv loj heevFloating Khib Nyev PatchesCov.
Hauv kev twv twv txiaj los daws cov teeb meem thoob ntiaj teb ntawm kev ua qias tuaj, cov kws kho mob tau tsim los ntawm lub hnub qub, lossis ntau pua xyoo, nws tuaj yeem siv sijhawm rau qee cov yas cov khoom kom lwj taus.
HauvIb daim ntawv luam tawmHauv phau ntawv Journal of American Choj Civ Kev
Cov kws tshawb fawb cov kws tshawb fawb siv Nuclear Sib Nqus Sib Txawv (NMR) thiab huab hwm coj kev sib tw los qhia lawv cov kev tshawb pom ntawm cov yas, roj av-ribor polymer.
Bio-based? Rov dua? Biodegradable? Koj phau ntawv qhia rau kev ua kom muaj
Nrog rau kev ruaj khov siab rau txhua tus txheej txheem cov txheej txheem thiab thev naus laus zis nrawm nrawm, lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov plastics hloov. Nov yog qhov koj yuav tsum paub txog cov ntaub ntawv yas niaj hnub - thiab qee zaum tsis meej pem hau,
Cov khib nyiab yas tau dhau los ua kev txhawj xeeb thoob ntiaj teb.Yuav luag yog plaub caug lab tons ntawm nws yog cov tsim thoob ntiaj teb txhua xyoo, thaum79 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov ntawv pov tseg yas uas tau tsim tawm hauv cov av qias neeg lossis litter hauv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig.
Tab sis yuav ua li cas txog cov tshiab, ntau dua cov yas - lawv puas yuav pab peb ua kom cov ntaub pua plag yas pov tseg? Cov lus dab tsi bio-based, biodegradable lossis siv tau cov hom phiaj tiag tiag, thiab yuav ua li cas pab tau peb cov kev xav tau rau cov roj crude hauv ntau lawm?
Peb yuav coj koj los ntawm qee cov ntsiab lus feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev ua kom ruaj khov thiab nthuav tawm cov lus tseeb tom qab txhua tus.
Bioplastics - cov huab cua uas muaj xyoob ntoo uas yog bio-based lossis biodegradable lossis ob qho tib si
Bioplastics yog ib lo lus uas tau siv los xa mus rau plastics uas yog xyoob uas yog bio-based, lossis haum rau ob qho tib si.
Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau cov teeb pom kev zoo ib txwm ua los ntawm pob zeb-fossil-raws pub mov noj,bio-based plastics yog tag nrho lossis ib nrab ua los ntawm kev pub mis tshiabmuab tau los ntawm biomass. Cov khoom siv uas nquag siv los ua cov khoom siv roj av ntxiv muaj ntau dua xws li muaj ntau cov roj thiab ntau ntxiv los ntawm cov khoom siv tau yooj yim dua. Cov ntsiab lus 'bioplastics' thiab 'bio-bied plastics' feem ntau siv sib hloov los ntawm cov txheej txheej tab sis lawv tsis tau txhais tau tib yam.
Biodegradable plasticsYog plastics nrog cov qauv molecular tshiab uas tuaj yeem decomposed los ntawm cov kab mob ntawm lawv lub neej nyob rau qee qhov chaw ib puag ncig. Tsis yog txhua txoj kev siv xyoob xyoob xyoob ntoo uas yog biodegradable thaum qee cov plastics ua los ntawm cov pob txha roj ua tau zoo.
Bio-raws li - plastics uas muaj cov khoom siv tsim los ntawm biomass
Cov yas uas yog bio-based yog ib nrab lossis ua tiav los ntawm cov khoom uas tau tsim los ntawm biomass tsis yog fossil-raws raw cov ntaub ntawv. Qee tus yog biodegradable tab sis lwm tus tsis yog.
Hauv 2018, 2.61 lab tons ntawm xyoob-raws li cov plastics tau tsim thoob ntiaj teb,Raws li lub koom haum rau Bioplastics thiab biocomposites (IFBB)Cov. Tab sis qhov ntawd tseem tsuas yog tsawg dua 1% ntawm lub lag luam yas hauv ntiaj teb. Raws li xav tau rau cov yas txuas ntxiv loj hlob, yog li qhov kev thov kom ntau dua cov kev daws teeb meem kom zoo nkauj. Cov pob txha ua pob-raws cov yas tuaj yeem hloov nrog kev poob qis-hauv yas - ib qho bio-based sib npaug. Qhov no tuaj yeem pab txo cov hneev taw carbon ntawm cov khoom kawg thaum lwm yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom lag luam - nws lub durability lossis rov ua dua tshiab - piv txwv li, tseem nyob li cas.
Polyhydroxyate lossis phas, yog hom hom kev sib xyaw biodegradable bio-raws li ntim thiab fwj, piv txwv. Nws yogtsim los ntawm kev lag luam fermentation thaum qee cov kab mob yog cov piam thaj lossis roglos ntawm pub mis xws liBeets, qab zib tuaj yeem, pob kws lossis zaubCov. Tab sis tsis xav tau los ntawm kev sib tw,Xws li khib nyiab ua noj roj lossis suab paj yeeb uas nyob tom qab cov khoom qab zib, tuaj yeem siv los ua lwm cov khoom noj khoom noj, tso cov zaub mov cov zaub mov rau lwm cov kev siv.
Raws li xav tau rau cov yas txuas ntxiv loj hlob, dav ntau ntawm cov plastics bio-based plastics tau nkag mus ua lwm txoj hauv kev
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Qee cov ntaub pua chaw ntawm xyoob ntoo, xws li, poob-hauv plastics muaj cov qauv tshuaj zoo ib yam thiab cov khoom kom haum plastics. Cov plastics no tsis muaj biodegradable, thiab lawv feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov nyob rau hauv uas durability yog ib tug yam xav tau.
Bio-raws li tus tsiaj, uas yog ib nrab ua los ntawm organic cov kab ke organylene glycolene glycolene glycolene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glycol pom nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag, yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau cov khoom xws liFoob, tsheb sib txawv thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xobCov. Raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau ntau dua kev ua kom muaj kev nce siab ntxiv,Kev ua lag luam rau cov yas no yuav tsum tau loj hlob los ntawm 10.8% los ntawm 2018 txog 2024, compounded txhua xyoo.
Bio-Raws Polypropylene (PP) yog lwm cov yas tso rau hauv cov khoom yas uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom lag luam xws li cov rooj zaum, ntim khoom thiab ntaub pua tsev. Nyob rau hauv lig 2018,Kev Lag Luam Nplai Ntau Lawm ntawm Bio-Raws PP tau ua rau thawj zaug,Kev tsim nws los ntawm cov khib nyiab thiab cov roj uas tau los, xws li siv roj.
Biodegradable - yas uas decomposes nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb
Yog tias yas yog biodegradable, nws txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem yauv ua tsis tau zoo nyob rau hauv qee cov kab mob ib puag ncig thiab cov pa roj carbon dioxide, lossis tshuaj methane, nyob ntawm seb me me, nyob ntawm cov aerobic lossis anaerobic. Biodegradation tsis yog qhia txog cov ntsiab lus bio-basic; Hloov chaw, nws txuas rau cov qauv molecular ntawm cov yas. Txawm hais tias feem ntau biodegradable plastics yog bio raws li,Ib co biodegradable plastics yog tsim los ntawm cov roj fossil raws li pub pub feed.
Lub sij hawm biodegradable yog tsis meej meej vim nws tsisSpecifiy Ancifiy a Timitogalelossis ib puag ncig rau kev txiav txim siab. Feem ntau cov plastics, txawm tias tsis-biodegrable sawv daws yuav sawv daws, yuav txwv yog tias lawv tau txais sijhawm txaus, piv txwv li ntau pua xyoo. Lawv yuav tawg rau hauv cov ntawv me me uas tuaj yeem pom tau rau tib neeg lub qhov muag, tab sis tseem nyob twj ywm raws li microplastics nyob ib puag ncig peb.Hauv kev sib piv, feem ntau biodegradable plastics yuav biodegrade rau hauv CO2, dej thiab biomass yog tias lawv tau txais sijhawm txausnyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig. Nws yog qhia hais tiasCov lus qhia ntxaws ntxawsHais txog ntev npaum li cas yas yuav siv sijhawm rau biodegradation thiab yuav tsum tau muaj cov xwm txheej yuav tsum tau muab rau kev ntsuas kom zoo dua nws cov peev txheej ib puag ncig. Compostable yas, ib hom ntawm biodegradable yas, yog qhov yooj yim rau kev txheeb xyuas txij li nws yuav tsum tau raws li cov qauv txhais tau rau tsim daim ntawv lo.
Compotable - ib hom biodegradable yas
Compostable yas yog ib subset ntawm biodegradable yas. Nyob rau hauv composting tej yam kev mob, nws tau tawg los ntawm microbes mus rau hauv CO2, dej thiab biomass.
Rau cov yas uas yuav tsum tau txais ntawv pov thawj raws li comptable, nws yuav tsum ua raws li qee yam qauv. Hauv Tebchaws Europe, uas txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv alub sijhawm ntawm 12 lub lis piam, 90% ntawm cov yas yuav tsum decompose rau hauv cov thooj tsawg dua 2 hlinyob rau hauv loj loj hauv kev tswj cov xwm txheej. Nws yuav tsum muaj cov theem hnyav ntawm cov hlau hnyav kom nws tsis muaj kev phom sij av.
Compstable plasticsyuav tsum tau xa mus rau ib lub chaw muaj kev lag luam uas kub thiab vaum cov xwm txheej tau thovtxhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias kev mob siab. PBAT, piv txwv li, yog Fossil pub roj polymer uas siv los ua cov organic khib hnab, cov khob ntim khoom thiab yog biodegradable hauv cov nroj tsuag nplooj ntoo.
Yas uas tawg cia rau hauv ib puag ncig qhib xws li hauv tsev neeg composts yog feem ntau nyuaj ua. Phaas, piv txwv li, haum cov nqi tab sis tsis siv dav txij liLawv yog kim tsim thiab cov txheej txheem qeeb thiab nyuaj rau nplai liCov. Txawm li cas los xij kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob tau ua haujlwm ntawm kev txhim kho qhov no, piv txwv los ntawm kev sivTus tshiab tshuaj lom neeg catalyst- Cov tshuaj uas pab kom nce tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg.
Rov ua dua tshiab - tig cov yas rau hauv cov khoom tshiab los ntawm kev siv tshuab lossis tshuaj lom neeg txhais tau tias
Yog tias yas yog rov ua dua tshiab, nws txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem raug reprocessed ntawm ib qho nroj tsuag muaj zog thiab muab rau lwm cov khoom siv muaj txiaj ntsig. Ntau hom kev sib txuas uas tuaj yeem siv dua mechanled me me - feem ntau hom kev rov ua dua tshiab.Tab sis thawj lub ntiaj teb tsom xam ntawm tag nrho cov khib nyiab yas tau tsimPom tias tsuas yog 9% ntawm cov yas tau rov ua dua txij li cov khoom pib tsim los txog rau xyoo dhau los.
Neeg Kho Tshuab Rov Ua DuaCaw cov shredding thiab melting yas pov tseg thiab tig nws mus rau hauv pellets. Cov pellets no tau siv los ua cov khoom siv raw ua cov khoom lag luam tshiab. Cov khoom noj ua tau zoo thaum lub sijhawm ua cov txheej txheem; Yog li ntawd ib daim ntawm cov yastuaj yeem tuaj yeem ua kom rov qab siv cov sijhawm tsawg zausUa ntej nws tsis haum li cov khoom siv raw. Tshiab yas, lossis 'nkauj xwb yas', yog li no feem ntau tov nrog siv yas ua ntej nws tau hloov mus rau qib tshiab los pab ncav cuag cov qib qib siab. Txawm tias tom qab ntawd, kev siv hluav taws xob rov siv cov plastics tsis haum rau txhua lub hom phiaj.
Cov roj ctricically tuaj yeem hloov cov roj cirgin fossil roj raws cov khoom siv raw hauv kev tsim cov tshiab tshiab
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Kev Siv Tshuaj Lom Neeg, uas muaj cov plastics tau hloov rov qab rau hauv cov thaiv tsev thiab tom qab ntawd ua tiav cov khoom siv nkauj xwb thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj tshiab, yog tam sim no tau txais lub zog tam sim no. Nws feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog catalysts thiab / lossis kub siab heev kom tawg cov yas thiabtuaj yeem thov rau cov ntau ntawm cov khoom siv yas ntawm cov khib nyiab piv rau cov neeg siv tshuab hluav taws xobCov. Piv txwv li, cov yeeb yaj kiab yas muaj ntau txheej lossis qee cov hnoos paug tsis tuaj yeem siv hluav taws xob feem ntau rov ua dua tshiab tab sis tuaj yeem siv tshuaj chemically.
Cov ntaub ntawv raw tsim los ntawm cov khib nyiab yas hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg tuaj yeem siv rauHloov Khub Vanggin Roj Roj Raws Raw Khoom nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov tshiab, zoo-zoo plastics.
Ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg yog tias nws yog ib qho kev hloov kho tshiab uas tau ua tsis zoo ib zaug thaum lub sijhawm feem ntau ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob rov qab ua dua tshiab. Lub txiaj ntsig yas tuaj yeem siv los ua ntau yam khoom lag luam suav nrog cov ntim khoom noj khoom haus thiab cov khoom siv rau kev kho mob thiab kev noj qab haus huv cov kev xav tau.
Lub Sijhawm Post: Tsib Hlis-24-2022
